BLUNT RENAL TRAUMA

Abstract

This article provides an exhaustive analysis of blunt renal trauma. Its goal is to describe the risk factors, mechanism of trauma, diagnostic approach, updated management, and complications in a synthesized manner in order to maximize readers’ understanding of key concepts relevant to this important diagnosis and its treatment.

Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in people 45 years of age and younger. Indeed, the kidney is the third most injured organ via abdominal trauma, and the most frequently impacted organ within the genitourinary system. Its importance is underscored by the countless, new studies emerging daily in which these lesions are analyzed — increasing the difficulty for practitioners to stay abreast of all new developments. Every physician should understand the intricacies of blunt renal trauma as well as the advances in diagnostics and management of these lesions. 

Treatment via conservative and non-surgical approaches have evolved tremendously in the last decade, while their outcomes remain dependent on factors including, but not limited to, hemodynamic stability and concomitant lesions. Similarly, injuries resulting in the destruction of the parenchyma may also be treated with less invasive, non-surgical methods. These approaches not only increase organ preservation but preserve and improve quality of life.